These mill hamlets later grew into villages-villages that by the end of the century merged into the urban community of Hampden-Woodberry." (Beirne 7) At this same time clusters of stone, workers’ houses sprang up adjacent to the mills. Three years later, they purchased property in Woodberry and built the Woodberry factory. With five looms they began the manufacture of cotton duck (canvas) for sails. "Rapid residential development along Jones Falls outside Baltimore City actually began in 1839 when David Carroll and Horatio Gambrill purchased the Whitehall property and built the Whitehall Cotton Factory. Though the mill was underutilized, and wouldn’t become successful until purchased by Horatio Gambrill and David Carroll in 1853, it was the start of cotton milling on the Jones Falls (Shoken). By August, the Mount Washington Mill had 1,000 spindles, seven looms (probably hand operated looms, as power looms were not widely used before 1815), and a dye house. The first cotton mill in Maryland - the Mount Washington Mill - was built in 1810. But a result was to spur the growth of home-grown industries. This embargo was unpopular because the United States was so reliant on manufactured items from Great Britain. Then, in 1807, President Thomas Jefferson imposed an embargo on British-produced goods in retaliation for British seizing American sailors on the high seas and forcing them to sail their ships. The first American mill to complete with the British was Slater's Mill, a spinning mill built in 1793 in Pawtucket, Rhode Island by Samuel Slater, and expatriated Englishman with knowledge of mills. Americans liked cotton goods, and merchants looked for ways of producing them here. And due to advances in British methods of manufacturing cotton (see Automation), Great Britain was fast becoming the world leader in manufacturing cotton goods. In the late 1700s, cotton goods, originally imported from India, became fashionable because of their low cost and good looks. after New York and Philadelphia.Ĭompetition for grist milling became fierce along the Jones Falls at one point, there were as many as 12 grist mills within four miles of Baltimore (Beirne 7). In 1800, it became the third largest city in the U.S.
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